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| Ok! Let's look at the dialogue. |
| 영어 할 줄 아세요? (yeongeo hal jul aseyo?) |
| 영어 할 줄 알아요. (yeongeo hal jul arayo.) |
| Ok? |
| 영어 할 줄 아세요? (yeongeo hal jul aseyo?) |
| 영어 할 줄 알아요. (yeongeo hal jul arayo.) |
| 영어 할 줄 아세요? (yeongeo hal jul aseyo?) "Do you speak English?" |
| 영어 할 줄 알아요. (yeongeo hal jul arayo.) "I speak English." |
| This word, 영어 (yeongeo), 영어 (yeongeo), is marked in red, and it means "English." |
| So, English. |
| 할 줄 아세요? (hal jul aseyo?) |
| 할 줄 아세요? (hal jul aseyo?) is a very polite way to say "do you speak?" |
| Let's break it down. |
| 할 (hal) is from the verb 하다 (hada) |
| 줄 아세요? (jul aseyo?) |
| 아세요 (aseyo) is from the verb 알다 (aldo), meaning "to know," "to understand." |
| So it literally means "do you know how to speak, how to do English?" |
| In natural English, it'd be just "Do you speak English?" |
| And here, 알다 (aldo) verb become 아세요 (aseyo), it's a very honorific way to say "to know" or "to understand." So you want to be very polite and ask them using this honorific. |
| 영어 (yeongeo), Ok, "English." |
| 할 줄 알아요. (hal jul arayo.) |
| 할 (hal) is from the verb 하다 (hada) |
| And then 줄 알아요. (jul arayo.) |
| 알아요 (arayo) is vrom the verb 알다 (aldo). |
| So "Yes, I speak English." |
| Or "Yes, I know how to do English." |
| So here, this is a question, "Do you speak English?" |
| So you probably want to say "yes" or "no," right? |
| What is "yes" in Korean? |
| "Yes" in Korean is 네 (ne) |
| 네 (ne), it means "yes." |
| So if you want, you can put "yes" here. |
| 네, 영어 할 줄 알아요. (Ne, yeongeo hal jul arayo.) |
| What if you don't know how to speak English? Then you'd probably say "no, I don't speak English," right? So let's start with "no." |
| "No" in Korean is 아니요 (aniyo). |
| 아니요 (aniyo) means "no." |
| 할 줄 알아요. (hal jul arayo.) means "I know how to do"; what if it's "not know". It's 몰라요 (mollayo). So you put 몰라요 (mollayo) here. |
| 몰라요 (mollayo) |
| So replace 알아요 (arayo) with 몰라요 (mollayo). |
| So "No, I don't speak English" is 아니요, 영어 할 줄 몰라요 (aniyo, yeongeo hal jul mollayo.) |
| That means "No, I don't speak English." |
| Now let's look at the sentence pattern. This pattern is the structure that all our dialogue and example sentences follow. |
| [Language name] 할 줄 알아요. (hal jul arayo.) |
| Ok? |
| [Language name] 할 줄 알아요. (hal jul arayo.) |
| "I speak [Language]." |
| What if you know how to speak the language, but not full on yet, so you want to say, "Yes, I speak the language a little, or a bit" |
| What is "a little"? |
| It's 조금 (jogeum). |
| 조금 (jogeum) means "a bit," or "slightly" or "a little." |
| You put 조금 (jogeum) here. |
| 조금 (jogeum) |
| So for example, the language... let's use 영어 (yeongeo) as an example. So if you say 영어 할 줄 알아요. (yeongeo hal jul arayo.) It means "I speak English." |
| But if you say 영어 조금 할 줄 알아요. (yeongeo jogeum hal jul arayo.) |
| 영어 조금 할 줄 알아요. (yeongeo jogeum hal jul arayo.) |
| That means "I speak a little bit of English." "I speak English a little." |
| So this sentence pattern a lot, really commonly, especially when you're a language learner, so please remember it. |
| Let's look at more examples. |
| 한국어 할 줄 알아요. (Hangugeo hal jul arayo.) |
| 한국어 할 줄 알아요. (Hangugeo hal jul arayo.) |
| 한국어 (Hangugeo) it means "Korean." |
| So 한국어 할 줄 알아요. (Hangugeo hal jul arayo.) "I speak Korean." |
| 중국어 할 줄 알아요. (Junggugeo hal jul arayo.) |
| "I speak Chinese." |
| 중국어 (Junggugeo) means "Chinese." |
| Next example we have is... |
| 스페인어 할 줄 알아요. (Seupeineo hal jul arayo.) |
| 스페인어 (Seupeineo) |
| 스페인어 할 줄 알아요. (Seupeineo hal jul arayo.) |
| 스페인어 (Seupeineo), it means "Spanish." |
| 프랑스어 할 줄 알아요. (Peurangseueo hal jul arayo.) |
| 프랑스어 할 줄 알아요. (Peurangseueo hal jul arayo.) |
| 프랑스어 할 줄 알아요. (Peurangseueo hal jul arayo.) |
| It means "I speak French." |
| So using this sentence pattern, you can make lots of different sentences, if you know the name of the language. Such as, 한국어 (Hangugeo) "Korean," 중국어 (Junggugeo) "Chinese," 스페인어 (Seupeineo) "Spanish," 프랑스어 (Peurangseueo) "French." |
| Okay, let's look at the vocabulary. First, we have is... |
| 영어 (yeongeo), we just learned it, right? |
| 영어 (yeongeo), "English" |
| And "Korean" too! 한국어 (hangugeo) |
| 한국어 (hangugeo) |
| "Chinese," 중국어 (junggugeo) |
| 중국어 (junggugeo) |
| "Spanish," 스페인어 (seupeineo) |
| 스페인어 (seupeineo) |
| "French," 프랑스어 (peurangseueo) |
| 프랑스어 (peurangseueo) |
| Have you noticed something? |
| 한국 (hangug) |
| 중국 (junggug) |
| 스페인 (seupein) |
| 프랑스 (peurangseu) |
| These are all the name of countries. |
| So if you put country name plus 어 (eo), very often it becomes the language name. But not always, for example, 영어 (yeongeo); 영 (yeong), is 영 (yeong) a name of country? No. So it's not applicable for every single languages in the world. But in many cases, you just put the name of the country, and say 어 (eo); 어 (eo), which means "language," and that becomes the name of the language in Korean. |
| Let's look at other example... how about this? |
| 아랍어 (arabeo) |
| 아랍어 (arabeo), it's Arabic. Again, 아랍 (arab) is not exactly a name of country so it's not using this pattern. |
| And how about this one? |
| 일본어 (ilboneo) |
| 일본어 (ilboneo), Japanese. |
| And 일본 (ilbon) is name of the country, Japan. |
| Japan is 일본 (ilbon) |
| You just put 어 (eo), 일본어 (ilboneo) becomes "Japanese language"; "Japan language." |
| How about this? |
| 독일어 (dogireo) |
| 독일어 (dogireo) "German" |
| And 독일 (dogir) is name of the country, it's "Germany" |
| 독일 (dogir) |
| Next we have is... |
| 힌두어 (hindueo) |
| 힌두어 (hindueo) is "Hindi" |
| But, again, 힌두 (hindu) is not the name of the country, so this is not using this pattern. |
| This one? |
| 러시아어 (reosiaeo) |
| 러시아어 (reosiaeo) is "Russian" |
| And 러시아 (reosia) is name of the country, Russia. |
| 러시아 (reosia) |
| Last we have... |
| 베트남어 (beteunameo) |
| 베트남어 (beteunameo), it means "Vietnamese" |
| And, the Korean pronunciation is not "Vietnamese," but it's "Bietnam" |
| 베트남 (beteunam) |
| 베트남어 (beteunameo) is how Korean people pronounce this language; and also the country too, 베트남 (beteunam). |
| 베트남 (beteunam) is the name of the country "Vietnam." |
| 베트남어 (beteunameo) |
| So... |
| 영어 (yeongeo) |
| 한국어 (hangugeo) |
| 중국어 (junggugeo) |
| 스페인어 (seupeineo) |
| 프랑스어 (peurangseueo) |
| 일본어 (ilboneo) |
| 아랍어 (arabeo) |
| 독일어 (dogireo) |
| 힌두어 (hindueo) |
| 러시아어 (reosiaeo) |
| 베트남어 (beteunameo) |
| So please remember this vocabulary, it will be very useful. |
| What are popular foreign languages that Koreans learn? |
| The most popular language is, of course, English. Although not everyone is fluent in English in Korea, most young Koreans can speak basic English. |
| The next most popular ones are Japanese and Chinese. The Japanese language is somewhat similar to the Korean language in terms of grammar and vocabulary, so many Koreans learn it. And as the Chinese market gets bigger and bigger, more and more Koreans learn the Chinese language too. |
| The following most popular languages are German, Russian, French, and Spanish. |
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