Learn the key pattern to talk about basic weather conditions
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| Let's take a closer look at the conversation. |
| Do you remember how In-suk asks, |
| "How's the weather?" |
| 날씨 어때요? (Nal-ssi eo-ttae-yo?) |
| First is 날씨(nal-ssi), "weather." 날씨. 날씨. |
| Next is 어때요 (eo-ttae-yo), "how is" as in "how is the weather."어때요. 어때요. |
| This starts with 어때 (eo-ttae), "how is." 어때 (eo-ttae). |
| 어때 (eo-ttae) is from the verb 어떻다 (eo-tteo-ta), meaning "be how" or "be like what." 어떻다 (eo-tteo-ta) |
| Note: 어떻다 is a shortened form of 어떠하다. Both mean "be how" or "be like what." |
| Next is 요(yo), the polite sentence ending. 요. |
| Together, 어때요(eo-ttae-yo), "how is" 어때요. 어때요. |
| All together, 날씨 어때요? (Nal-ssi eo-ttae-yo?) Literally "weather how is?" but it translates as "How's the weather?" |
| 날씨 어때요? (Nal-ssi eo-ttae-yo?) |
| Note: this is the shortened version of 날씨가 어때요? (Nal-ssi-ga eo-ttae-yo?) |
| In-suk In omits the subject-marking particle 가(ga). |
| 날씨 어때요? (Nal-ssi eo-ttae-yo?) |
| In spoken Korean, speakers tend to omit particles when it's clear which particle would be used. |
| Let's take a closer look at the response. |
| Do you remember how Karen says, |
| "It's raining." |
| 비가 와요. (Bi-ga wa-yo.) |
| First is 비(bi), "rain." 비.비. |
| Next is 가(ga), the subject-marking particle. 가. 가. |
| It marks "rain" as the subject of the sentence. |
| Note, 가(ga) follows words that end with a vowel, such as 비(bi). |
| Next is 와요 (wa-yo), "is coming," as in the rain is coming down. 와요. 와요. |
| 와(wa) is from the verb 오다(o-da), meaning "to come." 오다(o-da). |
| After this is 요 (yo) the polite sentence ending. 요. 요. |
| Together, 와요 (wa-yo) translates as "is coming," as in the rain is coming down. 와요. |
| All together, it's 비가 와요. (Bi-ga wa-yo.) This literally means "rain is coming," but it translates as "It's raining." |
| 비가 와요. (Bi-ga wa-yo.) |
| The pattern is |
| { noun } {subject-marking particle } 와요. (wa-yo.) |
| { noun } {subject-marking particle } is coming (down). |
| { noun } {subject-marking particle } 와요. (wa-yo.) |
| To use this pattern, replace the { noun } placeholder with a suitable weather noun, which falls from the sky, such as rain. Then mark the subject with the corresponding subject-marking particle. |
| 가(ga) follows words that end with a vowel, such as 비(bi). |
| 이(i) follows words that end with a consonant, such as 눈 (nun), "snow." |
| In this lesson, you'll learn adjectives related to the weather that you can use with this pattern. |
| Imagine it's snowing. 눈 (nun), "snow." 눈. 눈. |
| Remember, when the subject ends with a consonant, use the subject-marking particle 이(i). |
| Say |
| "It's snowing." |
| Ready? |
| 눈이 와요. (Nun-i wa-yo.) |
| "It's snowing." |
| 눈이 와요. (Nun-i wa-yo.) |
| Not all weather conditions can be described with this pattern, so you'll need other patterns, such as: |
| {corresponding stem of adjective or verb describing the weather} informal-polite sentence ending. |
| For example, |
| 맑아요. (malg-a-yo.) |
| It's sunny. 맑아요. |
| 맑아요 (malg-a-yo) is from the adjective 맑다(mak-da), meaning "to be clear." 맑다(mak-da). |
| Conjugation note for the informal-polite form: the final vowel in the stem determines the conjugation pattern. |
| If the final vowel in an adjective or verb stem is ㅗ (o) or ㅏ(a), then 아(a) follows the stem, as in 맑아요. |
| Note: 하다(hada), "to do," one of the most common verbs in Korean, is the exception to this rule. It's final vowel ㅏ(a), but it conjugates as 해요(hae-yo). |
| If the final vowel in a stem is anything else, then 어(eo) follows the stem. |
| For example, 먹다(meok-da) meaning "to eat." 먹다(meok-da) |
| The final vowel in the stem isn't ㅏ(a) or ㅗ(o), so 어(eo) follows the stem 먹(meok), as in 먹어요(meog-eo-yo). "[I] eat." |
| Note: if the stem ends in a vowel, such as the following case, a contraction will occur. For example, |
| 흐려요, "It's cloudy." 흐려요. |
| 흐려요. is from the adjective 흐리다(heu-ri-da), meaning "To be cloudy." 흐리다. |
| The final vowel in the stem, 흐리 (heu-ri), in not ㅏ(a) or ㅗ(o), so 어(eo) follows the stem: 흐리+어+요. |
| Now, as the stem, 흐리, ends in a vowel, 리 contracts with 어 to form 려 (ryeo). |
| So, 흐리+어+요 becomes 흐려요, "It's cloudy." 흐려요. |
| In Korean, there are many of these contractions. |
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