Vocabulary

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Lesson Transcript

Hi, everyone! Welcome to the Korean Whiteboard Lesson. My name is K-Jin.
안녕하세요, 케이진입니다.
(Annyeonghaseyo, keijin-ibnida.)
In this lesson, you will learn how to talk about the weather in Korean.
In particular, the words we use to indicate the weather conditions.
Let’s get started!
Okay, let’s look at the vocabulary.
The first is 눈이 오다 (nuni oda).
눈이 오다 (nuni oda) [enunciated]
눈이 오다 (nuni oda)
It means “snowy, to snow.”
눈 (nun)
눈 (Nun) means “snow.” It’s a noun.
이 (i) is subject-marking particle.
오다 (oda)
오다 (Oda) means “to come.”
So it literally means “snow comes.”
눈이 오다 (nuni oda)
In English, it’s just “snowy” or it’s a “snow.”
Next word we have is 비가 오다 (biga oda).
비가 오다 (biga oda) [enunciated]
비가 오다 (biga oda)
비 (Bi) is “rain.” It’s a noun, 비 (bi).
가 (Ga) is subject-marking particle.
오다 (Oda), okay, it means “to come.”
So, 비가 오다 (biga oda) literally means “rain comes,” and in English, it’s just “rainy” or “to rain.”
Next word we have is 흐리다 (heurida).
흐리다 (heurida)
흐리다 (heurida) [enunciated]
It means “cloudy.” It’s an adjective.
흐리다 (heurida)
Next, we have 맑다 (makda).
맑다 (makda) [enunciated]
맑다 (makda)
It means “sunny.”
Next, we have 바람이 많이 불다 (barami mani bulda).
It’s very long. It means “windy.”
Let’s break down the sentence.
바람이 많이 불다 (barami mani bulda) [enunciated]
바람 (Baram) means “wind.” It’s a noun.
이 (i), okay, is a particle, subject-marking particle.
많이 (mani)
많이 (mani), it means “a lot, very much.”
It’s an adjective.
불다 (bulda)
불다 (bulda) means “to blow.” It’s a verb.
불다 (bulda) “to blow”
So, it literally means “wind blows a lot.”
“Wind blows a lot” which is windy.
In Korean, we don’t have any or just one adjective to say “windy,” so we say it with this long word.
바람이 많이 불다 (barami mani bulda)
Let’s look at the dialogue.
Imagine, someone asking a digital assistant called “Piko” for weather information.
When I read, I want you to pay attention to the weather phrase. See how it’s used in the dialogue.
A: 피코, 오늘 날씨 어때? (Piko, oneul nalssi eottae?)
B: 오전에는 눈이 옵니다. 오후에는 비가 옵니다. (Ojeoneneun nuni omnida. Ohueneun biga omnida.)
Listen once again.
A: 피코, 오늘 날씨 어때? (Piko, oneul nalssi eottae?)
B: 오전에는 눈이 옵니다. 오후에는 비가 옵니다. (Ojeoneneun nuni omnida. Ohueneun biga omnida.)
Did you understand and did you find the weather phrase that we learned together?
Okay, so, first sentence is:
피코, 오늘 날씨 어때? (Piko, oneul nalssi eottae?)
피코 (Piko) is the name of the digital assistant.
오늘 날씨 어때 (oneul nalssi eottae)
오늘 (oneul) “today”
오늘 (oneul) “today”
날씨 (nalssi)
날씨 (nalssi) “weather”
weather, 날씨 (nalssi)
어때 (eottae)
어때 (eottae), it means “how is” or “how about.”
“How’s the weather today?”
피코, 오늘 날씨 어때?
(Piko, oneul nalssi eottae?)
“Piko, how’s the weather today?”
Next, we have:
오전에는 눈이 옵니다. (Ojeoneneun nuni omnida.)
오전 (ojeon) means “morning,” it’s AM.
오전 (ojeon)
오전 (ojeon)
에는 (eneun)
에는 (Eneun) is like “in the.”
So, 오전에는 (ojeoneneun) becomes “in the morning.”
오전에는 (ojeoneneun)
눈이 옵니다 (Nuni omnida), we just learned it, right?
눈이 옵니다 (nuni omnida)
“Snow comes in the morning” or in natural English, it would be, “It’s snowy in the morning.”
How about this?
오후에는 (ohueneun)
오후 (ohu)
오후 (ohu) is “afternoon.” It’s PM.
오후 (ohu)
오후에는 (ohueneun) is “in the afternoon.”
오후에는 (ohueneun)
비가 옵니다 (biga omnida) “rain comes” or “it’s rainy,” rain.
“It’s rainy in the afternoon.”
Let’s look at more examples.
오전에는 흐립니다. (Ojeoneneun heurimnida.)
오전에는 흐립니다. (Ojeoneneun heurimnida.) [enunciated]
오전에는 흐립니다. (Ojeoneneun heurimnida.) It means “It’s cloudy in the morning.”
흐립니다 (Heurimnida) means “cloudy.”
오후에는 맑습니다. (Ohueneun makseumnida.)
오후에는 맑습니다. (Ohueneun makseumnida.) [enunciated]
오후에는 맑습니다. (Ohueneun makseumnida.)
It means “it’s sunny in the afternoon.”
오전에는 바람이 많이 붑니다. (Ojeoneneun barami mani bumnida.)
오전에는 바람이 많이 붑니다. (Ojeoneneun barami mani bumnida.) [enunciated]
“It’s windy in the morning.”
오후에는 맑습니다. (Ohueneun makseumnida.)
Okay, you learned it here.
오후에는 맑습니다. (Ohueneun makseumnida.) [enunciated]
오후에는 맑습니다. (Ohueneun makseumnida.)
It means “It’s sunny in the afternoon.”
Now, let’s look at the sentence pattern. This pattern is used in the structure in the dialogue.
So, 오전에는 (ojeoneneun) [WEATHER EXPRESSION].
오전 (Ojeon) means “morning.”
에는 (eneun)
So, 오전에는 (ojeoneneun) means “in the morning.”
And we use this weather expression.
And how about this?
오후에는 (ohueneun)
오후 (ohu) is “afternoon” and 오후에는 (ohueneun) is “in the afternoon.”
And then we use the weather expression.
You saw this pattern in the dialogue and examples, right?
But have you noticed? We learned 눈이 오다 (nuni oda), 비가 오다 (biga oda), 흐리다 (heurida).
We used this 다 (da) form in the vocabulary, but in the dialogue and examples, there’s no 다 (da) form. The form is different; 눈이 오다 (nuni oda), 눈이 옵니다 (nuni omnida).
Yes! This is the dictionary form. In Korean, we don’t use the dictionary form directly when we speak.
So, how do you do it? What should you do?
We change this form to a different conjugation.
The common one is 아 (a), 어 (eo), 여 (yeo) form.
This is pretty informal. So, to make it polite, you put 요 (yo). We use this form.
Another form is… 습니다 (seumnida).
습니다 (seumnida)
This is formal, this is formal.
But when you start learning Korean, lots of textbook will probably teach this 습니다 (seumnida), this formal form first. Why? Because the conjugation is much easier.
So, let’s practice this one. This will be very easy so please, please don’t worry.
So, how do we do that?
So, for example:
If verb stem, verb stem or adjective stem ends with a vowel, then you use ㅂ니다 (bnida).
And if verb stem or adjective stem, the stem ends with a consonant, so vowel and consonant, then you are going to use 습니다 (seumnida).
습니다 (seumnida)
Okay, so let’s look at some examples.
눈이 오다 (nuni oda) [enunciated]
눈이 오다 (nuni oda)
What’s the stem here? What’s the verb stem or adjective stem? What’s the stem? Just remove 다 (da), remove 다 (da) at the end, then you only have 오 (o). 오 (O) is a stem, stem of the verb.
눈이 오 (nuni o), 오 (o).
눈이 (nuni), 오 (o), 오 (o), 오 (o).
It ended with a vowel sound, so we are using this. It’s 옵니다 (omnida).
It was just 오 (o), right? So, I just put ㅂ니다 (bnida). The pronunciation is 옵니다 (omnida).
So, 눈이 옵니다 (nuni omnida).
오전에는 눈이 옵니다.
(Ojeoneneun nuni omnida.)
“It’s snowy in the morning.”
How about this?
비가 오다 (biga oda)
What’s the stem?
Again, remove 다 (da) at the end, then you only have 오 (o).
오 (o)...오 (o), 오 (o), 오 (o), 오 (o), 오 (o).
It ended with a vowel sound.
So again, I’m using… ㅂ니다 (bnida).
ㅂ니다 (bnida)
It’s 비가 옵니다 (biga omnida) “It rains” or “it is raining.”
비가 옵니다 (biga omnida)
How about this?
흐리다 (heurida)
흐리다 (heurida)
Remove 다 (da) at the end, then you 흐리 (heuri) only.
흐리 (heuri), (i), (i).
It ended with a vowel again, so we are using this, 흐립니다 (heurimnida).
So there is this 흐리 (heuri), but I put ㅂ (b) at the bottom and I just put 니다 (nida).
흐립니다 (heurimnida)
How about this?
맑다 (makda)
맑다 (makda)
Remove 다 (da) and you got the verb stem here or adjective stem here, 맑 (mak), 맑 (mak), oh, 맑 (mak). It ended with a consonant, so we are using 습니다 (seumnida) here.
So, it should be… 맑습니다 (makseumnida).
It means “It’s sunny.”
How about this?
바람이 많이 불다 (barami mani bulda)
Remove 다 (da) at the end, then you have 불 (bul) only.
Oh, so is it 불 (bul), ended with consonant, so, it should be 불습니다 (bulseumnida)? Actually, no. This is an exception. So, unfortunately, you just have to memorize it. This is it, ㄹ (l), irregular verb, so 불다 (bulda) becomes 붑니다 (bumnida).
So please just remember, this doesn’t have…this doesn’t follow the regular rule. It’s an exception.
So, 옵니다 (omnida), 눈이 옵니다 (nuni omnida).
비가 옵니다 (biga omnida)
흐립니다 (Heurimnida) meaning “to be cloudy, it’s cloudy.”
맑습니다. (Makseumnida.) “It’s sunny.”
바람이 많이 붑니다 (Barami mani bumnida) which we learned here.
So, 바람이 많이 붑니다 (barami mani bumnida) means “It’s windy.”

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